Jump to content

K. SINGH DEEP

Members
  • Posts

    367
  • Joined

  • Last visited

  • Days Won

    1

Posts posted by K. SINGH DEEP

  1. SGPC elections plays the main role in these arrests. Our ppl aren't smart, they should have chosen the new faces to run the SGPC elections. New faces who got no tainted history or any active role in Panth several decades ago. Old players/leaders can't do better as time changed, lots of internal fights and plus extra headache with twisted law Punjab Police etc.

    Dont be afraid of such affairs . The relation of SIKHISM with jail has started from the day when GURU

    NANAK DEV JI was held by BAABAR.GURU NANAK DEV JI has told us "ILLAT KA NAAO CHAUDHARY"

  2. First of all this is to be understood that neither the SIKHS

    are HINDUS nor apart of HINDUISM which is clear fro the evidence

    that GURU NANAK DEV JI refused to wear JANEU at the age of 5

    and declared to not accept the HINDU rituals. HE (not GURU GOBIND

    SINGH JI )started SIKH PANTH by ordering his followers (known as

    SIKHS)to not perform MURTI PUJA and told them that GOD doen lives

    in statues but in our hearts.Some quotes where the word SIKH is

    used by GURU NANAK DEV JI are given below:-

    -SIKH SANGAT KARAM MILAAE(Aasa mehla 1 at 412 in Guru Granth SAHIB)

    -SIKH SABHA DEEKHYA KA BHAAO(Aasa mehla 1 at 350 in Guru Granth SAHIB)

    -SIKHI SIKYA GUR VEECHAAR (Aasa mehla 1 at 465 in Guru Granth SAHIB)

    The writer of the article is thus not aware of the SIKH religion, GURU

    SAHIBS life history and GURBANI at all.The author writes tha SIKH GURUS

    were devotees of RAM & KRISHAN and the same about SANT NAMDEV JI

    whereas his such mischivious blames can be refuted by GURBANI as under:-

    "NA HUM HINDU NA MUSALMAAN"(Bhero mehla 5 at 1136 in Guru Granth SAHIB)

    "HINDU POOJE DEHURA MUSALMAAN MASEET,

    NAME SOEE SEVEA JO DEHURA NA MASEET.(Gond Naam Dev at 875in Guru Granth

    SAHIB)

    "ME NA GANESHE PRITHAM MANAAO, KISHAN BISHAN KABHOO NEH DHIAAO"

    ( Guru Gobind SINGH JI)

    As far as martyrdom of SRI GURU teg BAHADUR JI is cocerned , he did so as

    Aurangzeb was forcibly converting HINDUS to MUSLIMS which was against

    the principles of humanity and SIKHI especially because GURBANI says:-

    "jOR KIYA SO JULAM HEY"

    and our GURUS and thereafter SIKHS have always fighting against JULAM.

    Moreover GURU GOBIND SINGH JI has written in BACHITTAR NATAK:-

    "TILAK JANJU RAKHA PRABH TAAKAA",(Taaka means theirs means HINDUS )

    KEENO BADO KALOO MEH SAAKAA."

    BHAAI GURDAS JI also says :-

    " EON TEESAR PANTH CHALAAYON WAD SOOR GAHELA,

    WAH WAH GOBIND SINGH AAPE GUR CHELA."

    (Vaar 41 Paoree 16}

    Here teesar panth means KHALSA which is neither HINDU nor MUSLIM.

    SO in light of above the authors version about SIKHS and GURU

    SAHIBAN is totally wrong and misconceived.

  3. AZAD JI ,

    WJKK,WJKF. Your article is so nice.

    Please do quote GURBANI lines so as to pronounce

    in original script of SRI GURU GRANTH SAHIB JI

    and you may add its English translation along with

    same.

    Respected Bhen AMARJIT KAUR ji has asked about

    lines of GURBANI about BHANA and the same are

    submitted :-

    -"BHANA MANNE SO SUKH PAAE BHANE VICH SUKH PAAEDA"

    (Maroo Mehla 3 at 1063)

    -"BHANA MANNE SADAA SUKH HOE"

    (Asaa Mehla 3 at 364)

    -"BHANE HARGUN GURMUKH GAAWAHAA"

    ( Maajh Mehla 5 at 98)

    -BHNE HUKAM MANAAYON BHANE SUKH PAAYA"

    (Maroo Mehla 3 at1093)

    -"BHANE BAKHSHE POORA DHANI SACH KAAR KAMAAIYE"

    (Maroo Mehla 1 at 1011)

    With humle submissions

    Yours brotherly

    K Singh Deep

    (

  4. Once baba Bulle shah visited SRI ANAND PUR SAHIB ( known as Makhowal formerly) at the time

    of SRI GURU TEG BAHADUR SAHIB.He came to see as to why so many SANGAT visits this place

    every day.He saw there Simran ,Kirtan, katha in morning; every body busy in seva thereafter,

    constuction work being done every where , people enjoying GURU KA LANGAR all the time and

    then BULLA spoken " Ett khrikka ( sound of bricks during construction work) Duppar vajje ( sound

    of dholaki during kirtan) nale balle chulla (langar). Enhi galin rab raji rehanda nale rehanda Bulla.

  5. Waheguroo Jee Ka Khalsa!

    Waheguroo Jee Kee Fateh!!

    Sikhi is the Fire Flame is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Spring Stream is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Love Loving is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Faith Faithful is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Dharma Karma is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is His message Messenger is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is His Code Conduct is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is His Word Voice is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is His Court Verdict is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is His Kingdom Crown is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Conscience Conscientious the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Happiness Haughty is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Humility Humble is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Strength Strong is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Fellowship Friendly is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Fort Formidable is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Shrine Saintly is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Siege Soldier is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the School Scholar is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Seva Servant is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Peace Polite is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Simran Submitting is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Spirit Sincere is the Khalsa

    Sikhi is the Saviour Saved-one is the Khalsa

  6. Veerji, I agree whole heartedely. I was just saying the samething to some body just last week through e-mails. If guru nanank dev jee can call himself dasaan da das, charanan dee dhool, gareeb, moorakh, tere dar da kookar, then why todays kalyugi jeev jump to call a little philospher or bhagat a Sant. I think the word SANT has lost its meaning by being used for average people who may have gained some knowledge with some bhagti and being with more devotees of SGGSji sahib. I agree with you that people should not label them more than bhai, baba, bhagat or devotee. I guess people like us feel so much down these days that we start calling people with some knowledge like SANTs and brahmgiyanis. The babas, should deny these labels themselves, even if people label them as SANT. The advertisers should not use SANT Brahmgiyani labels for these kind of Babas. I Have respect for these people if they really have some knowledge. I would like to give my time to listen to what they have to say. But if they cann't set role model for me to be gareebRa, or Nimana or charan dee dhool then I may not learn anything from them either. As I think thats the first virtue every gursikh should have. KILL the EGO, which will get killed only if you are ready to be moorakh, charan dee dhool, dasan da daas, gareebRa, nimaNa (not just saying it, but feel that way too). Afterall, nobody is as knowledgeable as Sri Guru Granth Sahib Jee. He is the Biggest SANT ever. So why do we start calling people, SANT. As far as I know, it may be feeding their EGO. If they need bodyguards, that shows me that they don't really believe in SGGSji. As singh soormiyan nu maut ton dar nahi hunda. Maut taan ik nishchat time te hoNi hai, body guard rakh ke prove kiyon karde ne ke uoh actually roj roj maut ton darde ne (it rhymes, now feel like writing a poem on that, I know countless has been written already on this topic :-)))

    I dont' remember exactly but there is some story about someone asking the sikhs that why are you not afraid of being killed when you go jump to do anything. The sikhs answered that death only comes once and it will come no matter what on that predecided day, so why be afraid all the time. Nobody will be able to stop it on that day anyways.

    I am ready to listen to kathakars, keerteniya who show humbleness. But the sants who have bodyguards like brahmins had Janeoo in Guru nanak Devji's time, and He denied it and said if Janeoo cann't save itself, how can it protect me. I have same answer for these so-called sants. If they cann't be protecting themselves from the fear of death, how could they make me rise to that level and If they cann't kill their ego, how can they help me to kill it. So at the end of the day, I will come back empty handed even if I sit in their diwans or listen to their kathas.

    Anyways, just sharing my views about it.

  7. Every day we read adds/hear announcements that so & so SANT/108 BRAHAM GYANI BABA JI will attend DIWAN and will tell Gursangat about Sikhism/Sikh life /Gurbani. But do we know as to who is SANT/ BRAHAM GYANI in Sikhism. For this we have to take guidance from pious GURBANI because whatever Gurbani tells us ,the same has to be obeyed by a SIKH (but a number of so called Sikhs have been doing misinterpretation of the quotes from GURBANI so as to suit their status & satisfy their false ego)

    GURBANI in Sri Guru Granth Sahib tells us :- - "HAMRO BHARTA BADO BIBEKI , AAPE SANT KAHAVE."( Asa BHAGAT KABIR JI Ang no.476 )and it means that the

    almighty WAHEGURU or AKALPURAKH himself is the "SANT"

    - "SUN SANTNA KI REET,.....MITRA SATRU NA KACHHU JANE SARAB JEEA SAMAn.....SEET MAND SUGANDH CHALYO

    SARAB THHAN SAMAAN....SUBHAAYE ABHAYE JU NIKAT AAVE SEET TA Ka JAAYE, AAP PAR KA KACHHU NA JANE

    SADA SEHAJ SUBHAYE...." ( Maroo Ashtpadi Mehla 5 Ang 1018)and all this is self explanatory.

    Is their any so called SANT at present who gives same treatment to enemies and foes, goes every

    where with the same enthusiasm whether the place is cool or hot or a place with foul smell

    (poorshouses)or scented place,...anybody whosoever comes whose near and losts his all sorrows,..

    and he ,who does not overcomes( by talking about himself only ) others and lives always simply and

    under devine style ( sehaj subhaye)

    At least I could not find any person in present era who bears all the above qualities.

    Now a days the so called SANTS keep dozens of body guards with them.( bcoz. the are afraid of

    enemies). No body is tyagi of MAYA but having heavy n huge bank balances increasing day bu day.

    If we go through our HISTORY, no body has been called/addressed/designated as SANT

    during the life time of OUR GURU SAHIBAN. Even the most great SIKHS like Baba Buddha ji,Bhai Lehna

    ji(who later on became GURU ANGAD JI)Bhai Gurdas Ji,Bhai Manjh Ji,Bhai Salo JI,Bhai Bidhi Chand Ji

    Bhai Daya Singh Ji and four other PYARE,Bhai Mati Das ji,Bhai Sati Das ji,Bhai Dayala ji,Bhai JIWAN

    SINGH JI(Ranghreta guru ka beta),Bhai SANGAT SINGH JI ( who sacrificed himself at Chamkaur Sahib

    in place of GURU GOBIND SINGH JI as his face body structure and height was resemling with GURU JI),

    Baba GURBAKHASH SINGH JI ( the real name of BABA BAND BAHADUR JI ) etc. were known AND CALLED as

    BHAI OR BABA during lifetime of our GURUS.Are we more intelligent than our GURUS,and have started

    nominating/adressing the persons as SANTS? I think definitely no. Than why it is so?

    So please and please avoid to use the world SANT for any person. We should rather call

    him BHAI SAHIB or BABA JI ( if he is aged ).I beg pardon from evwery body whose sentiments may have

    been hearted by this article but it was my primary duty to share the thoughts which I have concived

    whilst reciting SEHAJ PATHS.

    Gurudar/ Gurughar da kookar

    K Singh Deep Phagwara

  8. well some people will look at the subject of Sex and say it is only to be done as it were for reproductive perpose, as its kaam. one of the 5 vices and therefore can only take place between two people of the opposite sex.

    In sikhi we look at marriage as binding 2 souls forming a union and becoming 1. another thing why Sikhs would see it as wrong and against Sikhi is because Akaal Takath has said the homosexuality isnt acceptable.

    maaeiaa kaam viaapiaa samajhai naahee gaavaar ||

    Engrossed in Maya and sexual desire, the fool does not understand.

    I have very little to no knowledge to none at all, i suggest refference to gurbani. www.sikhitothemax.com

    i swear theres an old thread somewhere, maybe someone can find it?

    Under the most pious fear ( BHAI & BHAVNI) I may submit that Gurbani gives us hints about all this as under:-

    " JAH DEKHAN TEH RAV RAHE SIV SAKTI KA MAIL" means there is always combination of SIV (male ) and sakti ( female ) and this combination is spread all over the world where ever we see ( in animals too ) .This has been created by God to run the world by nature in giving birth and deaths. If this rule is broken by encouraging homosexuality, the human species will come to an ehd after some centuries like many species of animals which are almost invisible at present.

    "MAA KI RAKAT PITA BIND DHARA ' and "RAKAT BIND TE NIMIA RAKHIA UDAR MAJHAR" means the human body structure develops

    after conjugation of egg from moithers blood and chromosomes of father (BIND ) than the body develops in mothers uterus (UDAR). If homosexuality is encouragrd than how the featus will come into existence and who will give birth to our forth coming generations?

    In plants too, fruit is formed after conjugation of male and female flowers /particles and male/female are the creatures of the great nature ( KADAR DI KUDRAT) about which GURBANI says " DOOYEE KUDRAT SAJIYE KAR ASAN DITHO CHAO" which means that the GOD afdter creating the nature himself ,is seeing and enjoying the world created under natures law.

    " HUKMI HOVAN AKAR , HUKAM NA KAHYA JAAI. HUKMI HVAN JEEA HUKAM MILE VADIYAEE" and by encouraging homosexuality

    we shall only be breaking the law of the nature (disobeying the HUKAM as said in the above quote ) and we are supposed rather have to abide the devine order or HUKAM as can be quoted "HUKME ANDER SABH KO BAHAR HUKAM NA KOYE, "

    As such my dear sisters and brothers, children and senior citizens, please and please discurage the HOMOSEXUALITY which is nothing but cowardness of those people who are either impotent or who are having fear psychosis abot sex and nothing else.

    I beg your pardon with folded hands from all the human beings whose sentiments may get hert by my above views which Iculd discuss with the KIRPA of DHAN SRI GURU GRANTH SAHIB JI

    " GURU GHAR da ik kookar"

  9. WJKK WJKF

    Hi everybody, im new here.

    Im doing an extensive research coursework thing in Religious studies AS level and obviously i ve chosen sikhism. so far i have covered most subjects well but when the topic of homosexuality came up, i realised i knew nothing.

    So i was wondering if anyone could tell me what the view on homosexuality is?

    Thanks so much

    Kiran x x

    WJKK WJKF

    Hi everybody, im new here.

    Im doing an extensive research coursework thing in Religious studies AS level and obviously i ve chosen sikhism. so far i have covered most subjects well but when the topic of homosexuality came up, i realised i knew nothing.

    So i was wondering if anyone could tell me what the view on homosexuality is?

    Thanks so much

    Kiran x x

    WAHEGURU JI KA KHALSA WAHEGURU JI FATEH.

    In

  10. GURBANI teaches us " GURSAKHI JOT PARGAT HOE " and it means whenever we need guidance or we have any doubt about any aspect, we shold refer to life history of GUru Sahiban( SAKHI ) and we are enlightened with true path.

    When in 1984 the then PM iNDIRA (GANDHI )KHAN ,ordererd for military attack and even prior to attack by military, CRPF and

    BSF was taking positions for encounters,all true SIKHS should have left the complex and should have avoided the merciless incident.

    We may take guidance from SAKHI related to GURU HARGOBIND SAHIB JI here for guidance in such a condition.

    When just before 3 days of marriage of BIBI VEERO JI,( the daughtrr of Guru HARGOBIND sAHIB JI) Guru ji became to know that Mughal army is going to attack SIKHS and GURU GHAR at AMRITSAR SAHIB, GURU JI ordered the sikhs to face and reply the Mughal army out side the city so that BEADBI of GURU GHAR could be avoided. In addition to change the place of definite battle, GURU SAHIB JI also changed the venue of marriage from AMRITSAR SAHIB to some nearby village. And in such a way battle was fought ,won and marriage was also cleberated on the fixed date but at another venue.

    IF our GURUS have been acting like this then what was the the necessity of SIKHS to invite this battle to SACHKHAND SRI HARMANDIR SAHIB JI SRI AMRITSAR SAHIB. Why our so called GENERALS ,cOMMANDERS, SAINT SOLDIERS , AKALI LEADERS,

    JATHEDARS,THEKEDARS of SIKH QOM could not avoid this clash or throgh this clash/battle out side. No dobt the cruel step taken by the Government and Military can never be removed from the mind of true Sikhs and in history, but and again but we the the do called TRUE SIKHS are responsible for such a black chapter of the history.Lest we not forget that the forthcoming generations will not forgive us for this chapter which we could have avoided by changing the avenue like GURU HARGOBIND SAHIB JI. Alias we could have done so.

    I never mean to heart any body personally or some institution specifically , but my humble submisssion is that in future ,if such a situation arises , please and please spare SRI HARMANDAR SAHIB and the pious complex from making it a fort and inviting any armed force to this PIOUS CENTRE OF SIKH PANTH ,and even than if some body attacks GURU GHAR , THE SIKH PANTH is competent enough to teach lesson to ABDALIS, MASSA RANGHARS, JAKARIA KHANS,etc. etc.

    Moist humbly

    Guru Ghar Da ik Nimana kookar

  11. Jathedar Sukhdev Singh Ji Babbar was a very special Gursikh with many admirable qualities. During Vaisakhi 1978, when the Indian Government sponsored "Nirankaris" were parading around Amritsar, hurling abuse at our Gurus, Sahibzaadai and Panj Pyarai, Bhai Fauja Singh collated together a group of Gursikhs to protest at the insults. At the same time, Bhai Sukhdev Singh Ji was getting married. When Bhai Sukhdev Singh Ji heard about the martyrdom of his close friend Bhai Fauja Singh Ji, he called a meeting of Gursikhs who decided that they had no alternative but to defend the Khalsa Panth against these increasing attacks by using arms.

    Jathedar Sukhdev Singh Babbar was a highly spiritual Gursikh as well as being a great military Commander. His daily prayers would last many hours, as he meditated peacefully on God. He was a very humble and caring man, soft-spoken, yet very determined and strong of character. He was a perfect example of a Gursikh.

    In 1984, just prior to the Blue star operation in which the Indian Government set out to finish off Sikhism, Jathedar Sukhdev Singh received intelligence reports a few days earlier. Jathedar quickly formulated a defensive plan and began to fortify the Golden temple complex. As the Indian army arrived with its tanks, helicopters and thousands of troops, a few Gursikhs fought like true Warrior-Saints of Guru Gobind Singh and held out for almost a week. The first Singh to be martyred in operation Blue star was Jathedar Sukhdev Singh's close friend, Bhai Mengha Singh Ji, who received a single sniper shot to the head.

    The Gursikhs within the complex fought so courageously that they sent shivers down the spines of the Indian Army commanders. Eventually, however, the Gursikhs also suffered many losses and Jathedar Sukhdev Singh's men pleaded with him to leave the complex and to continue the resistance soon afterwards. Jathedar Sukhdev Singh had no choice but to leave, but his heart never healed having seen with his own eyes, the desecration of our holy Akal Takhat and Harmandir Sahib. For the next eight years, Jathedar Sukhdev Singh commanded attacks on the evil and merciless police and army forces who had direct orders from the Indian Government to rape all Sikh women and kill all Amritdhari Sikhs.

    In August 1992, Jathedar Sukhdev Singh Babbar was ambushed by the Indian Army. He was executed immediately. He will always be remembered as a true Warrior-Saint of Guru Gobind Singh and a brave patriot of the Khalsa Nation.

  12. Why Sikh Hindu arranged marriages and why not only SIKH marrying only SIKH? There can be no argument on this score.

    Our REHATNAMA says " BHADNI (clean shaven) KO SUTA (daughter )DAYE SO TANKHAHIYA ". GURBANI also says "SABAT SOORAT DASTAR SIRA ". Our REHAT MARYADA also tells us "Sikh Kanya sikh ko deve. Vivah na kare, ANAND KARAJ kare"( See chapter no.2

    of Sikh Rehat Maryda publiushed by SGPC which is accepted by all Sikhs, all over the world) K SINGH PHAGWARA

  13. We should take guidance from GURBANI on this aspect and then we come to know

    "NEEND SUHELI NAM KI LAGI BHOOKH"( the sleep is successful wherein apatite for

    NAM arises ) and "KYA SAWNA KYA JAGNA GURMUKH TE PARWAN" and "SAPNE HOO BARARAYE

    KE JEH MUKH NIKSE RAM, TAKE PAG KI PANHI MERE TAN KO CHAM".

    As such listening GURBANI while going to sleep ,sleeping

    and subconsciousness after deep sleep when we are neither sleeping nor awakening,

    is not against any code of conduct,rather it tunes our sub conscious mind with the

    super relay station of WAHEGURU (LIV UNMAN NAM LAGAAN ).We can also take guidance

    from DHUR KI BANI as:-

    - SUTRE SUKHI SWANN JO RATTE SEH AAPNE

    -SUTYAN GURU SALAHIYE UTHDYAN BHI GURU ALAO

    -SUTYAN HAR PRABH CHET MAN HAR SEHAJ SAMADH SAMAYE

    Though I have tried to explain as per best of the knowledge inherited by reciting

    SEHAJ PATHS even than I no body to claim that the above expaination is crrect or

    approximately correct or partially crrect becuse "BHULLAN ANDER SABH KO ABHULL GURU KARTAR"

    GURU DARR DA kookar

  14. Rahari in Sikhism is not afestival to be celeberated like Hindus in Brahmanvad, who celeberate this festival as relationship between brother and sister. For a TRUE SIKH every lady except his wife is either mother or sister or daughter as per the concept of Gurbani, " VEKH PARAIYAN CHANGIYAN MAVAN DHIYAN BHENA JANE".When such is the character of SIKH then what is the necessity of tieing a thread weaven Rakhari. Some people say that Sikhs celeberate RAKHRI as MELA RAHAR PUNYA at Gurdwara BABA BAKALA SAHIB ji.

    There is a seperate historical SAKHI which has coincided whith this day.

    Bhai Makhn Shah Lubana when reached at BABA BAKALA in search of 9th GURU for his offerings there were 22 PAKHANDI GURUS like DHEER MAL, who have been claiming of being GURU,but none of them could satisfy the true disciple of Gurughar/Gurudar.Then on telling of a shepherd that there is a hidden saint Known as BABA TYAG MAL JI who is always meditating in a bhora,BHAI MAKHAN SHAH reached at BHORA SAHIB found THE satguru and spoken lodly on the roof "GURU LADO RE GURU LADHO RE". So SIKHS should celeberate this day as" GURU LADHO RE DAY" in memory of DHAN GURU TEG BAHADUR JI and his true sikh BHAI MAKHAN SHAH ji . On this pious day every SIKH needs to take oath that no one will be allowed to call himself as GURU in sikhism till his last breath.

  15. No human being can be named or called as SAINT as no such designation/post /nomenculature has been assigned or rewarded or

    bestowed upon any of the greatest sikhs in the history during life time of DAS GURU SAHIBAN. ThE GREAT SIKHS like Baba Buddha ji, Bhai GURDAS JI, Bhai Manjh, Bhai Behlo ji,Bhai Bidhi Chand ji, Bhai Mati Das ji,Bhai Mani Singh ji, Bhai Ghanaiya JI, Bhai Gurbakhash Singh ji ( The real name of Baba Banda Bahdur ji)and Bhai Daya Singh ji &other 4 Piyarer , were even not given the nomination or designation like SAINT, rather they were known and called with respectful adjectives like BABA or BHAI before their name. If our GURU SAHIB have not used this word /adjective foir any Sikh during their livelyhood ,then who are we to use this word?

    If we ask our JUGO JUG ATAL GURU as to who is the saint, the reply is given to us by GURBANI as "HAMRO BHARTA BADO BIBEKI, AAPE SANT KAHAVE", and it means that THE ALMIGHTY WAHEGURU or AKAL PURAKH himself is THE SAINT, and nobody oher.

    As such desist and avoid from calling or addressing or nominating any personaliuty as SANT OR SAINT.

×
×
  • Create New...

Important Information

Terms of Use