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sikhs have no ingroup loyalty


proudkaur21
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Whatever the real percentage of sociopaths and psychopaths, etc there are, we aren't going to be immune to. All we can do is be more sophisticated about power, money, representation, and keeping a really good eye on people. 

But wherever that percentage lies, that's a lot of potential traitors. You have a Sangat of 100. What 3 to 10? More than enough in any group. And it's usually one of these that takes to politics, not always. 

Fine line between crab mentality, and holding our representatives accountable or to a standard. 

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Panjab Chief Ministers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Punjab_(India)

Chief Minister of Punjab[edit]

No Portrait Name

(Birth–Death)
(Constituency)

Party
(Alliance/ Partner)
Term of office Time in office Assembly Election Appointed by

(Governor)

Took office Left office
Chief Minister (1947-1966) (Punjab, Haryana and Himachal)
1   Gopi Chand Bhargava.png Gopi Chand Bhargava
(1889-1966)
(University)
Indian National Congress 15 August 1947 13 April 1949 1 year, 241 days Interim 1946 C. M. Trivedi
2 Bhim Sen Sachar.png Bhim Sen Sachar
(1894-1978)
(Lahore City)
13 April 1949 18 October 1949 188 days
(1) Gopi Chand Bhargava.png Gopi Chand Bhargava
(1889-1966)
(University)
18 October 1949 20 June 1951 1 year, 245 days
(i) Emblem of India.svg Vacant[a]
(President's rule)
- 20 June 1951 17 April 1952 302 days - Rajendra Prasad
(2)   Bhim Sen Sachar.png Bhim Sen Sachar
(1894-1978)
(Ludhiana South)
Indian National Congress 17 April 1952 22 July 1953 3 years, 281 days 1st 1952 C. Madhavlal Trivedi
22 July 1953 23 January 1956 C. P. N. Singh
3 Partap Singh Kairon.png Partap Singh Kairon
(1901-1965)(Sujanpur)
23 January 1956 9 April 1957 8 years, 180 days
9 April 1957 11 March 1962 2nd 1957
(Sarhali) 12 March 1962 21 June 1964 3rd 1962 N. Vishnu Gadgil
- Gopi Chand Bhargava.png Gopi Chand Bhargava
(1889-1966)
(MLC)
21 June 1964 6 July 1964 15 days P. A. T. Pillai
4 Ram Kishan.png Ram Kishan
(1913-1971)
(Jalandhar North)
7 July 1964 5 July 1966 1 year, 363 days
(ii) Emblem of India.svg Vacant[a]
(President's rule)
- 5 July 1966 1 November 1966 119 days - S. Radhakrishnan
Chief Minister (Since 1966) (Punjab)
5   Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir.png Gurmukh Singh Musafir
(1899-1976)
(MLC)
Indian National Congress 1 November 1966 8 March 1967 127 days 3rd 1962 Dharma Vira
6   Justice Gurnam Singh (cropped).jpg Gurnam Singh
(1899-1973)
(Qila Raipur)
Akali Dal Sant
(PUF)
8 March 1967 25 November 1967 262 days 4th 1967
7   Lachhman Singh Gill.png Lachhman Singh Gill
(1917-1969)
(Dharamkot)
Punjab Janta Party
(INC)
25 November 1967 23 August 1968 272 days D. C. Pavate
(iii) Emblem of India.svg Vacant[a]
(President's rule)
- 23 August 1968 17 February 1969 178 days - Zakir Hussain
(6)   Justice Gurnam Singh (cropped).jpg Gurnam Singh
(1899-1973)
(Qila Raipur)
Shiromani Akali Dal
(UF)
17 February 1969 27 March 1970 1 year, 38 days 5th 1969 D. C. Pavate
8 Parkash Singh Badal Official portrait 2017.png Prakash Singh Badal
(b. 1927)
(Gidderbaha)
Shiromani Akali Dal
(BJS)[b]
27 March 1970 14 June 1971 1 year, 82 days
(iv) Emblem of India.svg Vacant[a]
(President's rule)
- 14 June 1971 17 March 1972 277 days - V. V. Giri
9   Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India (cropped).png Zail Singh
(1916-1994)
(Anandpur Sahib)
Indian National Congress
(CPI)[c]
17 March 1972 30 April 1977 5 years, 44 days 6th 1972 M. M. Chaudhry
(v) Emblem of India.svg Vacant[a]
(President's rule)
- 30 April 1977 20 June 1977 51 days - B. D. Jatti
(8)   Parkash Singh Badal Official portrait 2017.png Prakash Singh Badal
(b. 1927)
(Gidderbaha)
Shiromani Akali Dal
(JP-CPI)
20 June 1977 17 February 1980 2 years, 242 days 7th 1977 M. M. Chaudhry
(vi) Emblem of India.svg Vacant[a]
(President's rule)
- 17 February 1980 6 June 1980 110 days - N. S. Reddy
10   Darbara Singh.png Darbara Singh
(1916-1990)
(Nakodar)
Indian National Congress 6 June 1980 7 October 1983 3 years, 123 days 8th 1980 J. L. Hathi
(vii) Emblem of India.svg Vacant[a]
(President's rule)
- 7 October 1983 29 September 1985 1 year, 357 days - Zail Singh
11   The Vice President, Shri Mohd. Hamid Ansari with the Governor of Tamil Nadu, Shri Surjit Singh Barnala and the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Dr. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi (cropped) (Surjit Singh Barnala).png Surjit Singh Barnala
(1925-2017)
(Barnala)
Shiromani Akali Dal 29 September 1985 11 June 1987 1 year, 255 days 9th 1985 Arjun Singh
(viii) Emblem of India.svg Vacant[a]
(President's rule)
- 11 June 1987 25 February 1992 4 years, 259 days - Zail Singh
12   Beant Singh 2013 stamp of India (cropped).png Beant Singh
(1922-1995)
(Jalandhar Cantonment)
Indian National Congress 25 February 1992 31 August 1995[†] 3 years, 187 days 10th 1992 Surendra Nath
13 Harcharan Singh Brar ex CM.png Harcharan Singh Brar
(1922-2009)
(Muktsar)
31 August 1995 21 November 1996 1 year, 82 days B. K. N. Chhibber
14 Rajinder Kaur Bhattal.jpg Rajinder Kaur Bhattal
(b. 1945)
(Lehra)
21 November 1996 11 February 1997 82 days
(8)   Parkash Singh Badal Official portrait 2017.png Prakash Singh Badal
(b. 1927)
(Lambi)
Shiromani Akali Dal
(BJP)
11 February 1997 26 February 2002 5 years, 15 days 11th 1997
15   Amarinder Singh.jpg Amarinder Singh
(b. 1942)
(Patiala)
Indian National Congress
(CPI)[d]
26 February 2002 1 March 2007 5 years, 3 days 12th 2002 J. F. R. Jacob
(8)   Parkash Singh Badal Official portrait 2017.png Prakash Singh Badal
(b. 1927)
(Lambi)
Shiromani Akali Dal
(BJP)
1 March 2007 14 March 2012 10 years, 15 days 13th 2007 S. F. Rodrigues
14 March 2012 16 March 2017 14th 2012 Shivraj Patil
(15)   Amarinder Singh.jpg Amarinder Singh
(b. 1942)
(Patiala)
Indian National Congress 16 March 2017 20 September 2021 4 years, 188 days 15th 2017 V. P. S. Badnore
16 Charanjit.jpg Charanjit Singh
(b. 1963)
(Chamkaur)
20 September 2021 Incumbent 121 days Banwarilal Purohit

List of Chief Ministers by Party[edit]

Following is the summary of hold of Chief Minister's office by members of Indian political parties.

S. No. Party Number of Chief Ministers Total days of holding CM Office
1   Indian National Congress 14 16617 days
2   Shiromani Akali Dal 3 7977 days
3   Unionist Party 2 3251 days
4   Independent 1 2090 days
5   Punjab Janta Party 1 272 days
6   Akali Dal Sant 1 262 days
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